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PHP ASP HTML DHTML JavaScript VBScript MS-Access MS Sql Server My Sql Oracle PHP 5.0
PHP is a language that has outgrown its name. It was originally conceived as a set of macros to help coders maintain personal home pages, and its name grew from its purpose. Since then, PHP’s capabilities have been extended, taking it beyond a set of utilities to a full-featured programming language, capable of managing huge database-driven online environments.
As PHP’s capabilities have grown, so too has its popularity. According to NetCraft (http://www.netcraft.com), PHP was running on more than 1 million hosts in November 1999. As of February 2000, that figure had already risen to 1.4 million hosts. According to E-Soft, PHP is the most popular Apache module available, beating even ModPerl.
PHP is now officially known as PHP: HyperText Preprocessor. It is a server-side scripting language usually written in an HTML context. Unlike an ordinary HTML page, a PHP script is not sent directly to a client by the server; instead, it is parsed by the PHP binary or module. HTML elements in the script are left alone, but PHP code is interpreted and executed. PHP code in a script can query databases, create images, read and write files, talk to remote servers—the possibilities are endless. The output from PHP code is combined with the HTML in the script and the result sent to the user.
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MICROSOFT ASP 3.0
ASP stands for Active Server Pages. ASP is the most famous technology of the Microsoft. We use Active Server Pages for server side programming for the best results.
An ASP page is any file located on your Web server that has the extension .ASP. This special extension distinguishes an ASP page from a normal HTML file that ends with the extension .HTML or .HTM.
When a user visits a Web site and requests a normal HTML file, the Web server simply retrieves the file from the computer’s hard drive or memory and sends the file to the user’s browser. The browser interprets the HTML content of the file and the visitor sees the Web page.
When someone requests a normal HTML page, the Web server doesn’t care about the content of the file. The Web server’s role is to simply retrieve the appropriate file without processing it. All the work of interpreting the content of the file is performed by the user’s Web browser.
On the other hand, when someone requests an ASP page, the Web server takes a more active role. Before the file is sent to the user’s Web browser, it is first processed by the Web server. The Web server interprets and executes any scripts in an ASP page before sending it to the user’s browser.
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HTML
HTML is a computer language devised to allow website creation. These websites can then be viewed by anyone else connected to the Internet. It is relatively easy to implement, with the basics being accessible to most people in one sitting; and quite powerful in what it allows you to create. It is constantly undergoing revision and evolution to meet the demands and requirements of the growing Internet audience under the direction of the W3C, the organization charged with designing and maintaining the language.
The definition of HTML is Hypertext Markup Language.
Hypertext is the method by which you move around on the web — by clicking on special text called hyperlinks which bring you to the next page. The fact that it is hyper just means it is not linear — i.e. you can go to any place on the Internet whenever you want by clicking on links — there is no set order to do things in. Markup is what HTML tags do to the text inside them. They mark it as a certain type of text (italicized text, for example). HTML is a Language, as it has code-words and syntax like any other language.
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DYNAMIC HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE
Dynamic HTML is a self-contained thing-unto-itself is really just an idea. It is not any one specific technology (such as JavaScript or ActiveX). Nor is it a tag, a plug-in, or a browser.
Dynamic HTML (aka dHTML or DHTML) is one of the most exciting and useful things to happen to the Web in recent memory. It's a concept that has been enabled (to different extents in different browsers, of course) by a number of technologies, including JavaScript, VBScript, the Document Object Model (DOM), layers, and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).
Dynamic HTML is simply HTML that can change even after a page has been loaded into a browser. A paragraph could turn blue when the mouse moves over it, or a header could slide across the screen. Anything that can be done in HTML can be redone after the page loads.
Dynamic HTML is client-side scripting
People have been using client-side scripting languages (JavaScript and VBScript in particular) to change HTML for a long time. If an image changes when you roll your mouse over it, you're looking at an example of dynamic HTML. The 4.0 browsers from both Microsoft and Netscape allow more of a page's HTML elements to be accessible from within scripting languages. The mechanism whereby page elements (or document objects) are opened to scripting languages is called the Document Object Model.
Dynamic HTML is CSS Because they are part of the DOM, CSS properties are accessible to scripting languages, and it is therefore possible to change almost anything about the way a page looks. By changing the CSS properties of a page element (such as its color, position, or size), you can do almost anything bandwidth and processor speed permit. To sum all this up: CSS (and plain old HTML) is what you change, the DOM is what makes it changeable, and client-side scripting is what actually changes it. And that's dynamic HTML. To learn more, take Taylor's dHTML Crash Course. .
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JAVASCRIPT
JavaScript is a scripting language designed for adding interactivity to HTML pages. The language was first implemented by Netscape Communications in Netscape Navigator 2 beta (1995). JavaScript is different from the Java language (developed at Sun Microsystems). However, the two languages can interoperate well.
JavaScript programs, or scripts, are usually embedded directly in HTML files. The script executes when the user's browser opens the HTML file. (There is also server-side JavaScript, but it's beyond the scope of this FAQ collection.)
JavaScript is an interpreted language. This means that scripts execute without preliminary compilation, i.e. without conversion of the script text into a system-dependent machine code. The user's browser interprets the script, that is, analyzes and immediately executes it. JavaScript is supported by the following browsers:
- Netscape Navigator (beginning with version 2.0)
- Microsoft Internet Explorer (beginning with version 3.0)
- Any other browser/product whose vendor licensed or implemented JavaScript interpreter (for example, Opera).
Thus, most Internet users today have browsers that support JavaScript. That's why JavaScript is one of the most popular tools for adding interactive features to Web pages.
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VBSCRIPT
Microsoft Visual Basic Scripting Edition, the newest member of the Visual Basic family of programming languages, brings active scripting to a wide variety of environments, including Web client scripting in Microsoft Internet Explorer and Web server scripting in Microsoft Internet Information Server
VBScript talks to host applications using ActiveX® Scripting. With ActiveX Scripting, browsers and other host applications don't require special integration code for each scripting component. ActiveX Scripting enables a host to compile scripts, obtain and call entry points, and manage the namespace available to the developer. With ActiveX Scripting, language vendors can create standard language run times for scripting. Microsoft will provide run-time support for VBScript. Microsoft is working with various Internet groups to define the ActiveX Scripting standard so that scripting engines can be interchangeable. ActiveX Scripting is used in Microsoft® Internet Explorer and in Microsoft® Internet Information Server.
Microsoft provides binary implementations of VBScript for the 32-bit Windows® API, the 16-bit Windows API, and the Macintosh®. VBScript is integrated with World Wide Web browsers. VBScript and ActiveX Scripting can also be used as a general scripting language in other applications.
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MS-ACCESS
To create a commercial Web site, we need to use a database to store product and order information. Unless noted otherwise, Microsoft Access is part of the Microsoft Office family of products and it is a 32-bit program which enables the user to create a complete front-end user application. Data from Excel spreadsheets can be converted to Access databases and data from Access can be published on the Web in HTML format.
The beauty of a relational database system like Microsoft Access is that you can store related data in separate tables. Then through defining relationships between the tables you can retrieve the information in the tables to use for making queries and writing reports.
Microsoft Access is a desktop database and not a client/server database like SQL Server. Because Microsoft Access is a desktop database, you should use it only for small business and low traffic Web site. In general, a Microsoft Access database cannot support very high traffic.
Microsoft Access can be upgraded to Microsoft SQL Server.
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MICROSOFT SQL SERVER
Microsoft SQL Server can scale to support thousands of concurrent users and terabyte sized databases. For all intents and purposes, SQL Server can enable you to support an online store of large size. Some of the largest commercial Web sites on the Internet are using SQL Server including Dell, Buy.com, Barnes and Noble, and 1-800-flowers.com.
There are three versions of SQL Server 7.0: SQL Server Desktop, SQL Server Standard Edition, and SQL Server Enterprise Edition. SQL Server Standard Edition was designed to work with Windows NT Server or Windows 2000 Server. Finally, the Enterprise Edition is an enhanced version of the standard edition that supports more memory, more processors, clustering, and Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) services.
Unless you need to create an extremely high volume commercial Web site, you should use the standard edition of Microsoft SQL Server with the Windows NT Server operating system.
To use Microsoft SQL Server on the Web, you will need to buy the correct licenses. Microsoft requires you to buy the Internet Connector license if any person from the Internet accesses SQL Server. You must buy an additional license for each processor on each server that is running SQL Server.
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MYSQL
The MySQL database server is the most popular open source database around. The "SQL" part of MySQL stands for "structured query language," which is a standard interactive and programming language for getting information from and updating a database. This "language" allows you to make queries about the information in your database - data selection, insertion, updating, and locating. A database is a collection if information that is organized to allow for easy retrieval. You can have a database of customer addresses, a financial database, even a database about your DVD collection.
MySQL offers both a Community Edition (open source) and a Network Edition (licensed). MySQL Community Edition offers the advantages of being constantly updated and re-released to take advantage of the latest features. In addition, the MySQL open source version is completely free for those who are eligible for the general public license. However, if you are a private individual who plans to distribute the information in your database to others, you are required to use the MySQL Network Edition. For more specific information regarding the MySQL open source license, visit the MySQL website.
MySQL Network Edition is recommended for all business and government organizations, in order to avoid possible infringements of the open source license. In addition, MySQL Network Edition offers the advantage of having been more thoroughly tested for stability, reliability and security vulnerabilities. .
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ORACLE
Some databases have minimal feature sets and only store data, while others include programming languages, facilities and utilities to support enterprise-level applications like ERP and data warehousing. Oracle is the #1 database and has the most advanced feature set.
Oracle is made up of a set of processes running in your operating system. These processes manage how data is stored and how it is accessed. I will cover these processes in detail in the future; but for now we just need to understand that Oracle is a program that is running in the background, maintaining your data for you and figuring out where it should go on your hard drive.
In almost all relational databases, data is accessed through SQL, or Structured Query Language, and Oracle is no exception. SQL allows you to SELECT your data, INSERT new records, UPDATE existing records and DELETE records you want to get rid of. SQL can be embedded in other languages or you can run scripts of SQL directly against the database.
PL/SQL is the procedural language extension to SQL. PL/SQL is a programming language like C, Java or Pascal. In the Oracle world, there is no better way to access your data from inside a program. SQL can be natively embedded in PL/SQL programs. I will be using both SQL and PL/SQL very heavily in my future articles.
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